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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Japanese missions to Ming China ： ウィキペディア英語版 Japanese missions to Ming China :(詳細は''China in Tokugawa Foreign Relations: The Tokugawa Bakufu’s Perception of and Attitudes toward Ming-Qing China,'' pp. 109-112. )〕 The nature of these bilateral contacts encompassed political and ceremonial acknowledgment as well as cultural exchanges. The evolution of diplomatic ties accompanied the growing commercial ties which grew over time.〔Fogel, Joshua A. (2009). ''Articulating the Sinosphere: Sino-Japanese Relations in Space and Time,'' pp. 110-113; ( publisher's blurb ).〕 As many as twenty trade missions traveled from Japan to China between 1401 and 1547. Every one of these missions were headed by a Zen Buddhist monk from one of the so-called or "five great Zen temples of Kyoto",〔Fogel, ( p. 27. )〕 consisting of Nanzen-ji, Tenryū-ji, Shokoku-ji, Kennin-ji, Tofuku-ji and Manju-ji.〔Baroni, Helen Josephine. (2002). ( ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism,'' p. 116. )〕 ==Tally trade== The economic benefit of the Sinocentric tribute system was profitable trade. The tally trade (勘合貿易, ''kangō bōeki'' in Japanese and ''kanhe maoyi'' in Chinese) was a system devised and monitored by the Chinese.〔Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia,'' p. 471.〕 The tally trade involved exchanges of Japanese products for Chinese goods. The Chinese "tally" was a certificate issued by the Ming. The first 100 such tallies were conveyed to Japan in 1404. Only those with this formal proof of Imperial permission represented by the document were officially allowed to travel and trade within the boundaries of China; and only those diplomatic missions presenting authentic tallies were received as legitimate ambassadors.〔 Over time, the conditions of this mutually beneficial tally trade would evolve beyond its initial perimeters. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Japanese missions to Ming China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.